Internal-combustion engine.



T. H HABERKORN. I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLIOATION'IILED JAIL-29.1909. nnnnwnn APR. 22, 1910.

97 3, 6 5 1 Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

mine as! N links/c601- 'nitin "rnnononn n. nannnxonn; or roar WAYNE,INDIANA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed January 29, 1908, Serial No.

To. all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THEODORE H. HABER- noun, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, residing at Fort Wayne, in the county of Allen andState of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inInternal-Combustion Engines; and

-I hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines,and pertains more especially to improved means for igthe combustible andexplosive mixture in the engine-cylinder by compression.

I am aware that the combustible and explosive mixture has heretoforebeen compressed to such a high pressure in the engine-cylinder duringthe compressing stroke of the piston in the said cylinder as to resultin ignition and consequent explosion .of the said mixture, but theexcessive pressure thus employed in bringing about lgnition andconsequent explosion caused an excessive heating of the en nc and a lossof power resulting from t e excessively high compression, and theignition could not be controlled so that not infrequently a retardingforce was created before the completion of the compressing stroke of thepiston.

The rimary object of my invention is to success u-lly avoid theobjectionable features encountered in igniting and thereby exploding thecombustible and explosive mixture by com ression during the compressingstroke of the piston, and to. partially form an ignition-chamber by amember which is adjustable outwardly or inwardly to enlarge or decreasethe size of the said chamber so that only a ,proper manipulation of thesaid adjustablemember is required to produce the proper compression forignition at the proper time in relation to the piston, and therebyaccommodate the use of different combustible and explosive mixtureswhich.

vary as tothe degree; of compression thereof required toproduceignition.

With this object in view, and to the end of realizing'any'otheradvantages hereinafter appearing, this invention consists in certainfeaturesof construction, and combinations of parts, hereinafterdescribed,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 0ct..25, 1910.

474,926. Renewed April 22, 1910. Serial No. 557,078.

in the accompanying drawings.

In the said drawlngs, Figure 1 is a side vlew, largely in centralsection, illustratin a portion of the cylinder of anlinterna combustionengine, the piston within the.

said cylinder and my improved means for effecting the ignition andconsequent explosion of the combustible and explosive mixture compressedwithin the said cylinder by the piston during the compressing stroke ofthe piston. Fig. 2 is a'view corresponding with Fig. 1, except that inFig. 2 the piston is shown in position at the completion of itscompressing stroke, whereas 1n Fig. l the piston is shown at thecommencement of the said stroke. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line33, Fig. 2, looking outwardly.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the cylinder of an internalcombustion engine, and (1 represents the piston-containing internalchamber of the said cylinder.

B indicates the piston employed'in compressing the combustible andexplosive mixture supplied to the chamber a preparatory to the impacthad upon the face 4 of-the said piston by thdexplosion of the saidmixture upon the compression of the mixture Means for supplying andcontrolling the v supplyof the combustible and explosive mixture to thechamber a in advance of the pis- 1 pointed out in the claims, andillustrated ton preparatory to the compressing stroke of the piston, andmeans for exhausting the gases upon the im act had upon the face 4 ofthe piston by t e explosion of the said mixture, are too well known inthe art to require illustration and description in this specification.

The c linder A is rovided at and central 'ly o the face 4 o the piston Bwith a comparatively-small plunger 6 which is arranged in line endwisewith and ri 'd with the piston -B and cons .uently para lel with thecylinder A. The p un er 6 is adapted to enter and snugly fit wit in butreciprocate endwi'se of a cylindrical .chamber (Z formed within theinner end of a valve-casing D-whichis arran ed centrally of and parallelwith the cylin er A in advance of the compressing stroke of the piston.The

valve-casing D extends from the exterior of the cylinder A into thecylinder and projects a suitable distance into the cylinderchamber atoward the face of the plston B. The valve-casing D is secured to thecylinder A in any approved manner. Preferably,

the valve-casing D is provided next externally of the chambera with an.annular flange D, and the said flange and the cylinder A are providedwith mutually engaging screw-threads, as at d, so that the valvecasing Dis removably attached to the cylinder A.

The valve-casing D is provided at its outer end with a cap or head D Thevalvecasing D is provided internally and a suitable distance from theinner extremity of the chamber d with an outwardly flaring valve-seat 5,and ports 6 are formed in the valve-casing and extend from thevalve-seat 5 to the exterior of the valve-casing and communicate attheir outer, ends with the cylinder-chamber a.

The ports 6 are normally closed at their inner ends by a valve G whichis arranged within and adapted to reciprocate endwise of thevalve-cas1ng between the valve-seat 5 and the outer end of thevalve-casing. That is, the valve G engages the valve-seat 5 in theclosed and normal position of the valve and in the said position closesthe inner ends of the ports 6 and thereby obstructs communicationthrough the ports, but is movable endwise and outwardly against theaction of a suitably applied spring h to uncover the inner ends of theports and thereby establishing communication between the chamber 03 andthe cylinder-chamber a.

The plunger I) is arranged wholly externally of and far enough from thechamber d when. the piston is in position at the commencement of itscompressing stroke, as shown in Fig. 1, to establish communicationbetween the said chamber at its inner end .and the cylinder-chamber a,and the'plun ger b is beveled somewhat at its outer end and the chamberd flares somewhat at the inner end of the valve-casing D to facilitatean easy entrance of the plunger into with the cylinder-chamber a, asshown in observed that the valve G forms the outer end wall of thechamber 0?, and the relative arrangement of the parts is such that thepiston B, when in position at the completion of its compressing stroke,shall not have compressed the combustible and explosive mixture withinthe cylinder-chamber a to the extent required to ignite the saidmixture, but that the plunger b upon the actuation of the piston intothe said position shall have compressed the combustible and explosivemixture within the chamber (1 tothe extent required to ignite the saidmixture, and the valve Gr during the compression of the combustible andexplosive mixture within the chamber d is not actuated by the saidcompression against the action of the spring 72. but is actuated intoits open position, as shown in Fig. 2, by the force resulting from theexplosion of the said mixture so as to uncover the ports 6 and therebyresult in the communication of fire from the chamber d through the saidports to the combustible and explosive mixture compressed within theengine-cylinder in advance of the face of the piston. That is, thespring h is powerful enough to retain the valve seated until thecombustible and explosive mixture compressed within the chamber d hasbeen i nited, but is not powerful enough to retain the valve seatedagainst the force of the explosion resulting from the ignition of thesaid compressed mixture.

The cap or head D is provided centrally with a'screw-threaded hole dwhich extendsthrough the said head and is engaged by a correspondinglythreaded screw 6 employed in regulating the tension of the spring hwhich is confined within the valve-casing between the outer end of thevalve and a washer f which is interposed between the outer end of thespring and the screw 6, and a lock-nut Z is mounted on the said screwexternally of the head D and secures the screw in the desiredadjustment.

The valve is provided centrally with a screw-threaded hole 9 arrangedparallel with the valve-casing and engaged by a correspondingly threadedscrew K which extends through the valve. The screw K is 'preferablyprovided in its inner end with a cavity is. The screw K obviouslyconstitutes a member which is instrumental in theformation of thechamber (Z.

By the construction hereinbefore described it will be observed that thechamber d constitutes the ignition-chamber of the engine, and that thecapacity of the said chamber is increased or decreased according as thescrew or member K is manipulated to shift the latter outwardly orinwardly, and obviously therefore only a proper manipulation of the saidscrew or adjustable member is required to produce the proper compressionfor ignition at the proper time in relation to the piston B, and theadjustabilityof the capacit of the said chamber is essential becauseiifereht combustible and explosive mixtures vary as to the degree of c"si'on thereof required to produce ignition.

What I claim asnew and desire to secure by Letters Patent is a 1. In aninternal combustion engine, the

combination, with a cylinder, and a piston the com 're'ssing stroke ofthe piston and in communication at its inner end with the cylinder "whenthe piston is in position at the commencement of its compressing stroke;a port for conductin fire from the ignitionchamber a suitable distancefrom the inner end of the ignition-chamber-to the cylinder; avalve-normally interrupting communication through the said port andmovable to establish communication through the port being arranged toreceive the plunger during by-iEo-rce resulting from the explosion ofthe combustible and explosive mixture supplied to the ignition-chamber;an adjustable member instrumental in forming the ignitionchamber and.shifta'ble outwardly or in wardly to enlarge or decrease the size of theignition-chamber, and means actin to retain the valve in its closedposition and yieldable to the force'resulting from the explosion of thecombustible and explosive mixture compressed in the i by the plungerduring t e compressing stroke of the piston to the extent required toignite said mixture.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination, with a cylinder,and a piston arranged within and adapted to reciprocate endwise of thecylinder, of a small plunger arran ed at the face of and operativelyconnecte with the piston; a va ve-casing containin an ignition-chamberin which a combustib e and explosive mixture 1s to be ig nited bycompression, said ignition-chamber the compressing stroke of the pistonand in communication at its inner end with the cylinder when the pistonis in position at the "commencement of its compressing stroke; a portfor conducting fire from the ignitionchamber a suitable distance fromtheinner end of the i nition-chamber to the cylinder; an outwardlymovable valve normally interrupting communication through the said portand instrumental in formingv the ignition-chamber and movabletoestablish communication through the port by force resulting from theexplosion of the combustiition-chamber' ignition chamber; which valve isprovided with an adjustable nie'mb'er instrumental in formi'n theignition-chamber and shiftable outwar ly or inwardly to enlarge ordecrease the size of the ignition-chamber, and means acting to retainthe valve in its closed position and yieldable to the force resultingfrom the explosion of the combustible and explosive mixture compressedin the ignition-chamber by the plunger during the compressing stroke ofthe piston to the extent required to ignite said mixture.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination, with a cylinder,and a piston arranged within andadapted to reciprocate endwise of thecylinder, of a small plunger arranged at the face of and operativelyconnected with the piston; a valve-casing containing an i nition-chamberin which a combustible an explosive mixture is to be ignited bycompression said ignition-chamber bein arranged to-receivethe plungerduring t e compressing stroke of the piston and in communlcation at itsinnerend with the cylinder when the piston is in position at thecommencement of its compressingstroke,'a ort for conducting fire. fromthe i iti'on-c amber a suitable distance from t e inner end of theignition-chamber to the cylinder; an outwardly movable valve normallyinterrupting communication through the said port and instrumental informing the ignition-chamber and movable toestablish communicationthrough the port by force resulting from the explosion of thecombustible and explosive mixture supplied to the ignition-chamber,which valve has a screw-threaded hole extending endwise'therethrough; ascrew-threaded plug screwed into the valve at the said hole andinstrumental in re ignition-cham er, and means acting to retain thevalve in its closed positlon and yieldable to the force resulting fromthe explosion of the combustible and explosive mixture compressed in thei ition-chamber by the lunger during t e compressin stroke 0 thepistonto the extent require to ignite said mixture.

4, In an internal combustionengine, the. combination, with a cylinder,and a piston arranged within and adapted to reciprocate endwise of thecylinder, of a small plunger arranged at the face of and o erativelyconnected with the piston; a va ve-casing containin an ignition-chamberin which a combustib e and explosive mixture is to be ignited bycompression, said ignition-chamber bein arranged to receive the plungerduring t e compressing stroke of the istcn and in communication at itsinner en with the cylinder when the is in position at the commencemento-f;, i;ts' com ressing stroke; a port for conductingfire om the.

ating the capacity of the p ignition-chamber a suitable distance fromthe inner end of the ignition-chamber to the cylinder; an outwardlymovable valve normally interrupting communication through the said portand iorming the outer end wall of the ignition-chamber and movable toestablish communication through the port by force resulting from theexplosion of the combustible and explosive mixture supplied to theignition-chamber, which valve has a hole extending endwise therethrough;a suitably supported member engaging the said hole and adjustable toregulate the capacity of the ignition-chamber, and means acting toretain the valve in its closed position and yieldable to the forceresulting from the explosion of the combustible and explosive mixturecompressed in the ignition-chamber by the plunger during thecom-pressing stroke of the piston to the extent required to ignite saidmixture.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination, with a cylinder,and a reciprocatory piston within the cylinder, of a plunger arranged atthe face of and operatively connected with the piston; a valvecasingcontaining an i ition-chamber -in which a combustible an explosivemixture is to be ignited by compression, said ignition-chamber being.arranged to receive the plunger during the compressing stroke of the.piston and in communication at its inner end with the cylinder when thepiston compressing stroke; a port for conducting fire from theignition-chamber a suitable distance from the inner end of the ignitionchamber to the cylinder; an outwardly movable valve normally interruptincommunication through the said port an movable to establishcommunication through the port by force resulting from the explosion ofthe combustible and explosive mixture supplied to the ignition-chamber,which valve has a hole extending endwise therethrough; an endwiseadjustable member engaging the said hole and instrumental in regulatingthe capacity of the ignition-chamber and provided with a cavity in itsinner end, and means actin to retain the valve in its closed positionand yieldable to the force resulting from the explosion of thecombustible and explosive mixture compressed in the ignition-chamber bythe plunger during the compressing stroke of the piston tothe extentrequired to ignite the said mixture.

In testimony whereof, I sign the foregoing specification, in'thepresence of two wit nesses.

THEODORE H. HABERKORN.

Witnesses:

C. H. DoRnR, VICTOR O. LYNCH.

